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Φρανσουά-Ρενέ ντε Σατωμπριάν: Ο διάσημος Γάλλος συγγραφέας και φιλέλληνας

Ο Φρανσουά-Ωγκύστ-Ρενέ, υποκόμης ντε Σατωμπριάν, γνωστός στην Ελλάδα ως Σατωβριάνδος ήταν Γάλλος συγγραφέας, πολιτικός και φιλέλληνας. Θεωρείται ιδρυτής του γαλλικού ρομαντισμού, ένα από τα μεγάλα ονόματα της γαλλικής λογοτεχνίας, αυτός που ενέπνευσε στον άλλο μεγάλο ρομαντικό, τον Βίκτωρα Ουγκώ, την αποστροφή «Θέλω να είμαι ή Σατωβριάνδος ή τίποτα».

Γεννήθηκε στις 4  Σεπτεμβρίου 1768 στο Σαιν Μαλό της Γαλλίας, όπου πέρασε και τα παιδικά του χρόνια. Η οικογένειά του είχε ευγενική καταγωγή.

Η έκρηξη της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης τον βρήκε να υπηρετεί στο στρατό ως ανθυπολοχαγός. το έτος 1791, έφυγε ταξίδι στην Αμερική. Στην επιστροφή του στη Γαλλία, το 1792, πολέμησε με τους εξόριστους ευγενείς εναντίον των Γάλλων επαναστατών. Πληγωμένος έφυγε στην Αγγλία, όπου πέρασε χρόνια μοναξιάς και φτώχειας.

Το 1800, επιστρέφει στην πατρίδα του και εκδίδει τα περίφημα μυθιστορήματα “Ατάλα” και “Ρενέ”, που τον έκαναν διάσημο. Τα έργα αυτά αποτελούν μια σοβαρή απόπειρα απολογισμού του χριστιανισμού. Στη συνέχεια πήρε διάφορα πολιτικά αξιώματα και υπηρέτησε σε σπουδαίες κρατικές θέσεις. 

Ο Σατωβριάνδος αγαπούσε πολύ την Ελλάδα, την οποία επισκέφτηκε στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα. Γράφοντας για τα βάσανα των Ελλήνων κάτω από τον κρατικό ζυγό, βοήθησε στην ανάπτυξη του φιλελληνισμού στην Ευρώπη. 

 Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα έργα του θεωρείται το “Απομνημονεύματα πέρα από τον τάφο” που, σύμφωνα με επιθυμία του, δημοσιεύτηκε μετά το θάνατό του.

Έφυγε από τη ζωή στις 4 Ιουλίου 1848. 

Η επίδραση του Σατωβριάνδου στο ρομαντικό λογοτεχνικό ρεύμα της εποχής του υπήρξε σημαντική. 

Στο Οδοιπορικό του ο Σατωμπριάν, που πίστευε ότι η Γαλλία ήταν «η πρωτότοκος θυγάτηρ της Ελλάδος κατά τε την ανδρείαν, την ευφυΐαν και τας τέχνας», έψαξε αλλά δεν βρήκε την αρχαία Ελλάδα («”Λεωνίδα” έκραξα…αλλ’ ουδέν των ερειπίων επανέλαβε το μέγα τούτο όνομα» – οι μεταφράσεις του Εμμανουήλ Ροΐδη). Τους νέους Έλληνες δεν τους καλογνώρισε αλλά εκφράζει την αισιοδοξία του για το μέλλον τους βασιζόμενος στο λαμπρό παρελθόν τους αλλά και τους φόβους του για τις συνέπειες της δουλείας.

 

Πηγές (Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Υδρία, Wikipedia)

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